Hiccup is an intermittent spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, which is usually a benign and self-limiting condition.However, Lotion persistent hiccups may indicate a more sinister underlying pathology.Hiccups have been reported in the literature as an unusual manifestation in hyponatremia.Some literature had linked the severity of hiccups to th

Security risks and economic losses of civil aviation caused by Foreign Object Debris (FOD) have increased rapidly.Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) with high resolutions potentially have the capability to detect FODs on the runways, but the target Paper Products echo is hard to be distinguished from strong clutter.This paper proposes a clutter-analy

Abstract Background Tumour progression involves a series of phenotypic changes to cancer cells, each of which presents therapeutic targets.Here, using techniques adapted from microbial experimental evolution, we investigate the evolution of tumour spreading - a precursor for metastasis and tissue invasion - in environments with varied resource supp

[Background] Mountain torrent disasters are one of the deadliest weather-related natural disasters in the world, often causing extremely serious economic and property losses and casualties; in recent years, due FRESH PLUS to heavy rainfall and complex geological and geomorphological conditions, mountain torrent disasters have occurred frequently in

Tobacco smoking is hazardous for health.However, not all forms of tobacco use entail the same risks and the latter should be studied and compared in a sound realistic way.Smoking machines for cigarettes (which are consumed in a few minutes) were early designed as a tool to evaluate the actual intake of toxic substances (‘toxicants’) b